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A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, tests how zinc leaching from the elastomer of the inner needle shield affects semaglutide, which is used in Ozempic and Wegovy. Under heat stress at 37 °C, zinc changed the drug's structure, but the study found no cytotoxicity or loss of in-vitro activity.
A peer-reviewed study in the journal Cell reports that T cells depend on the solute carrier SLC52A3 to take up vitamin B2 (VB2), while tumors use SLC52A2 to outcompete them, driving T cell ferroptosis. In the study, boosting SLC52A3 in T cells reversed this competition and enhanced their antitumor activity.
A peer-reviewed study in the journal Cell reports that glutathione (GSH) protects cells from ferroptosis through the enzyme FSP1. The authors report that targeting this FSP1-GSH axis alleviated ferroptosis-induced tissue injury.
A peer-reviewed study in the journal Cell reports that estrogen reprograms a signaling pathway called STING, which promotes neutrophil extracellular trap formation and shields antigens from antibody-based cancer therapy. The authors describe this as sex-biased resistance to that therapy.
A peer-reviewed study in PNAS reports that kenpaullone, a kinase inhibitor, promotes lymphatic vessel growth in screening experiments with human lymphatic endothelial cells. In a mouse model of myocardial infarction (heart attack), kenpaullone enhanced cardiac lymphangiogenesis and improved cardiac function.
A peer-reviewed study in PNAS argues that the statistics of neutralization titers alone can predict the composition of a polyclonal antibody response, meaning the mix of many different antibodies. For influenza in a cohort, the response is either driven by many antibodies together or dominated by a few strong binders, with titers described by a Gumbel distribution.
A peer-reviewed study in PNAS reports that lung exposure to Prevotella melaninogenica improved clearance of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection in mice. The authors link this to a shift in myeloid immune cells toward a more antibacterial profile, involving neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports a mouse study of Alternaria alternata, a fungal allergen strongly associated with severe asthma exacerbations. Airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness varied with sex and time of day, with females showing stronger responses at Zeitgeber Time 0 (ZT0) and males at ZT12.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, combines physiological measurements with food composition data to estimate more than 30 resource fluxes entering the human large intestine. Applied across dietary variation in the U.S. population, it finds microbial growth is carbon-limited for most individuals, with phosphorus limiting for a subset.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, trains XGBoost machine learning models on longitudinal clinical data from 15,727 people in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center cohort, including people who were cognitively normal or had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline. The authors report that the models detected some future progression before diagnosis, with false alarms among people who did not progress.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, follows 8 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) through anti-tuberculosis therapy, compared with 8 healthy household contacts. Gut microbial diversity and metabolic profiles recovered during treatment, but after treatment they remained distinct from the healthy contacts, the authors report.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, examines how endocrine markers and well-being relate to psychosexual health and menopausal symptoms in premenopausal and postmenopausal females. The authors report that after menopause, lower well-being and a stronger menopause-like endocrine milieu were linked to poorer psychosexual health and more sexual pain, with no association before menopause.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses intracranial recordings from 13 neurosurgical patients to compare brain responses to nociceptive (pain-signaling) stimuli and to low-probability sounds. The authors report the two are anatomically, temporally and functionally distinct, which they say may help personalize chronic pain and brain stimulation treatments.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses a mouse model of parental separation to study early-life stress and depression in adolescence. The authors report that stress reduced the gap-junction protein Cx43 in astrocytes of the lateral habenula (LHb), causing astrocyte atrophy, impaired synaptic transmission and depressive-like behaviors, which were rescued by inhibiting astrocytic calcium signaling.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses spatial transcriptomics on heart biopsies from patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and several chronic heart conditions to map fibroblast subpopulations. The authors report that some fibroblast types were enriched after a heart attack, while others predominated in chronic fibrotic remodeling.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, builds longitudinal centile maps of knee cartilage thickness from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 957 persistently normal knees in the Osteoarthritis Initiative. The authors report that these maps predicted incident radiographic knee osteoarthritis at 12 and 24 months more accurately than several other methods, though none consistently improved 36-month prediction.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, examines slides from 10,651 children under five sampled in Nigeria's 2021 national Malaria Indicator Survey. The authors report that parasite density revealed more significant variation among geopolitical zones and states than infection prevalence alone.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, profiles V delta 2+ gamma delta T cells in Ugandan children with different levels of malaria exposure, using several sequencing methods. The authors report that higher exposure was linked to reduced inflammatory responses, a state partly reversed by rest induced with dasatinib in laboratory experiments.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, is a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials on maternal vitamin B12 status. The authors report that for preterm birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA), the confidence intervals included no effect, while higher maternal vitamin B12 availability or supplementation was linked to a small favorable effect on cognitive or global development.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, analyzes oral microbiome samples from 5,598 people in three US cohort studies, alongside beverage intake from food frequency questionnaires. The authors report that only alcoholic beverage consumption was associated with all measures of alpha diversity, mostly through beer and liquor, and that these findings show associations, not cause and effect.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports semi-structured interviews with 11 dyads of people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) and their care partners, plus 12 dementia care experts. Participants described needs for ongoing education, personalized care planning, resource navigation and emotional support, and the findings are informing an artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbot.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, maps single-nucleus multi-omic profiles of skeletal muscle from 70 patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and 25 healthy controls. The authors report that HFpEF-related changes in chromatin accessibility and transcription were partly reversible after a supervised diet and exercise intervention, with 45 patients having paired biopsies.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses expansion and super-resolution microscopy in mice with adriamycin-induced nephropathy to track three stages of actomyosin reorganization in injured podocytes. The authors report the same three stages in kidney biopsies from patients with minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy and diabetic nephropathy, with chronic injuries converging on a mature pattern.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports experiments in Caenorhabditis elegans, a nematode, in which low-dose zinc chloride in aged animals restored zinc levels and improved healthspan, thermotolerance and oxidative stress resistance. The authors report that zinc acted on ribosome structure rather than ribosome production, while higher doses were toxic.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, tests probe-based depletion of ribosomal RNA and eight abundant tobamoviruses in wastewater from a municipal treatment plant in Calgary, Canada. The authors report that depletion cut ribosomal RNA reads by 90% and enabled detection of pathogens such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and hepatitis A that were undetectable in untreated samples.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, tests SLR14, an immunomodulatory stem-loop RNA that activates the immune sensor RIG-I, against highly pathogenic viruses including Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Sudan virus. The authors report that a single dose protected mice against lethal Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infection, and retained efficacy when given up to two days after infection.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports that Staphylococcus aureus lacking gpsB is more sensitive to fosfomycin, and that deleting the serine/threonine kinase Stk makes this sensitivity worse. The authors describe GpsB, Stk and the VraSR cell wall stress response system as an integrated network that helps maintain the cell envelope and aids antibiotic resistance.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, examines rare clinical specimens from people living with HIV (PLWH), reporting fewer germinal center T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and more follicular CD8 T cells in lymphoid tissues. The authors say germinal center size was reduced by HIV and by older age, and that a lymphoid organoid model reproduced the findings.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, trains adapted vision transformers (DINOv3) on phase-contrast time-lapse images of bacteria growing in microfluidic traps, without fluorescent labels. The authors report mean macro-F1 scores of 93.6% for clinical isolates precultured in Mueller-Hinton medium and 87.2% for isolates precultured in blood, and say evaluation on independent isolates and patient samples is still needed.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses a model of beta-lactam antibiotic exposure to simulate bacterial populations over thousands of generations. The authors report that amplification and compensatory mutations converge on the same low-copy compensated state within weeks to months, leaving no sequence trace of the transient step.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, combines global bird records with temperature anomalies to test how land use changes the effect of warming on abundance, richness and species composition. The authors report that predicted richness stayed below the primary-vegetation reference across all modified land uses, with the largest declines in high-intensity agriculture (17.9%) and urban land (21.8%).
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, describes a copper complex supported on Ketjenblack that works as a cathode catalyst to convert nitrate into ammonia using electricity. The authors report high ammonia selectivity over a wide range of current densities, with a low copper loading.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, presents CircuitATLAS, a knowledge graph and agentic framework for finding targets in circuitopathies that deliberately excludes direct disease-gene edges. The authors report that an agent nominated the neuronal alpha3 Na+/K+-ATPase (ATP1A3) as a control point on cortical excitability, and that the target was then taken into a small-molecule drug campaign.
Pew Research Center reports that Democratic voters are more engaged in the 2026 midterm elections, amid deep public dissatisfaction with the state of the nation. It also notes near-record low approval ratings for Trump.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses Edge Attribution Patching (EAP) to locate the circuits behind us-vs.-them bias in GPT-2 and Llama models, where prompts about an ingroup get more positive continuations than matched outgroup prompts. The authors report that patching the top-ranked edges reduced the bias more than random controls, but also degraded performance on CoLA, HellaSwag and WikiText-2, suggesting the pathways are entangled with broader language abilities.
A preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports that mitosis is the critical window for organizing extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) hubs in cancer cells. The authors identify the mitotic-entry regulator WEE1 as important for hub integrity and oncogene expression, and say the pattern holds across diverse cancer types.
Pew Research Center reports that far more voters say their choice for Congress this year is a vote against President Donald Trump (44%) than a vote for him (19%). The figures show the share of voters who consider Trump a factor in their vote.