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This peer-reviewed study defines centromere haplogroups from rare k-mer variation in human DNA. The lead author, Shiraishi, reports extensive hidden diversity and links to human evolution and disease-associated genomic instability.
This peer-reviewed study in rice plants reports PrimeStack, a platform that inserts multigene DNA cargos at predefined genomic safe harbors. Regenerated rice plants reached integration efficiencies of up to 45%, with no obvious morphological differences from wild-type plants at five weeks under the conditions tested. The authors say the approach could accelerate crop development and plant-based biomanufacturing.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and the study is in mice. The authors report that microglia, brain immune cells, react to ingested dietary fat within three hours and promote satiety, and that this effect appears only in males. They say the process could be a new therapeutic target for maladaptive eating disorders.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors simulated how several myopia control spectacle lenses (eyeglasses designed to slow myopia progression) affect the retinal image. They report that clinical efficacy can be predicted from optical properties, which they say could guide future lens design.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and most results come from cell cultures and a mouse model of myocardial infarction. The authors engineered neutrophils derived from human pluripotent stem cells to carry a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) against fibroblast activation protein (FAP), and report higher left ventricular ejection fraction on day 7 in treated mice in an exploratory comparison. They say the findings support further evaluation as an immunotherapy for cardiac fibrosis. The lead author is G. Jin.
This final report describes increases in reports of frequent mental distress and physical inactivity among young adults aged 18-29 years in the United States during 2012-2024. It is a descriptive report, and the abstract does not explain the causes of the increases.
This peer-reviewed study uses artificial intelligence to quantify brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity in humans. It links brown fat activity to a healthier metabolic profile and lower rates of psychiatric disease, and says it can identify drugs that could be repurposed to activate this tissue.
This peer-reviewed study uses RFdiffusion methods to design proteins from scratch, with water-activating zinc-based active sites next to a peptide substrate binding pocket. The authors report highly active, programmable proteases with potential uses in therapeutics, biotechnology and bioremediation.
This peer-reviewed study reports that R(+)2501 reverses capillary no-reflow by relaxing pericytes. The authors report restored microvascular perfusion and improved survival in animal models of myocardial infarction and acute kidney injury.
This peer-reviewed study reports tetraoxane-containing compounds, WMK-1 and WMK-2, that initiate lipid peroxidation in mitochondria to drive ferroptosis. The authors say the compounds bypass the usual cell defenses and show potent, bioavailable tumor-suppressive activity across multiple in vivo models.
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is studied here in male mice in a peer-reviewed study. The authors report that LEAP2 reaches the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus and targets orexigenic neurons (cells that drive appetite), producing sustained inhibition of ghrelin-induced feeding for several hours. They say LEAP2 could be a therapeutic target for obesity and metabolic disorders.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors report a cationic amphiphilic zinc phthalocyanine whose activity can be switched between photodynamic therapy, photodynamic inactivation and photochemical internalization by changing dosing and irradiation protocols. They report high activity in cancer models and against multidrug-resistant pathogens, with negligible dark toxicity.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors built an injury-responsive gene therapy vector that targets injured sensory neurons with more than 95% specificity, paired with a chemogenetic silencing tool. They report that this alleviated spontaneous neuropathic pain in mice and silenced hyperexcitable human sensory neurons.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors report that the endosome adaptor Rabgef1 promotes gasdermin pore formation by controlling membrane cholesterol. They say reducing cholesterol restores pyroptosis and sensitizes resistant cancer cells to it.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and it analyses data from 81,870 UK Biobank participants aged 45 to 87. The authors report that deviation from normal grey-matter volume is concentrated in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (Ch4) across neurological diseases, while the septal and diagonal-band compartment (Ch1-3) shows no independent prospective vulnerability. The Ch4 deficit was linked with incident dementia and Parkinson's disease.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and it uses human tissue, mouse models and cultured cells. The authors report that the mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZO1 drives myofibroblast-like activation of synovial fibroblasts after joint injury. They also report that intra-articular PIEZO1 activation in mice induced a pro-fibrotic, pro-inflammatory response in the synovium.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. Analysing 14 waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study from 2009 to 2024, the authors find physical health inequalities widened with age, while mental health inequalities were more evident among later-born cohorts. They report that Generation Z had lower predicted mental health, particularly among White British women with no work history.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors report that different antibiotics produce significantly different transfer dynamics for the same multidrug-resistant plasmid, largely because conjugation continues for hours after antibiotic exposure begins. They say antibiotics that select for the same plasmid are therefore not equivalent in promoting its persistence.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors report that Cas13X.1, a hypercompact CRISPR system, targeting the TAR element of HIV-1 RNA disrupted Tat-TAR interactions and reduced viral protein expression. They also report reduced reactivation in latency models and reduced viral load in primary blood cells from infected donors.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and the study is in rats. The authors report that offspring of mothers on a high-fat diet showed accelerated postnatal cardiac maturation and higher juvenile systolic performance, but that ejection fraction and contractility declined by adulthood alongside disorganized cardiomyocyte structure.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. It compares people with remitted major depressive disorder and healthy controls, using brain imaging and computational modelling of approach-avoidance decisions before and after a psychosocial stressor. The authors report that stress increased reward sensitivity in the remitted group, and that this change predicted one-year depressive symptoms.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and it is a modelling study of dengue in Brazil. The authors fitted an age-structured model to surveillance data from 2000-2025 and report that under limited supply, targeting children gave the greatest reduction in DALYs (disability-adjusted life years), while targeting elderly populations gave larger reductions in mortality.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. In a prospective cohort of 466,864 UK Biobank participants, the authors report that physical frailty was associated with increased risk of 458 incident diseases. They also report faster accumulation of multimorbidity over a median follow-up of 13.8 years.
The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board proposes amendments to its rule on the cost of attendance calculation for competency-based baccalaureate degree programs, under Texas Administrative Code, Title 19. The amendment would clarify the allowable threshold for what public institutions can charge, and it narrows the rule to the maximum allowable direct cost of attendance.
How to weigh in: Comment by November 15, 2026.
The Texas Comptroller of Public Accounts proposes amending section 3.330 on data processing services. The proposal states that transaction fees charged by marketplace providers are commissions, not data processing services, and treats platform fees the same way, with that interpretation effective from the date the amendment is adopted.
How to weigh in: Comment by November 15, 2026.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors profiled multi-organ gene expression from drug-treated rodents against more than 900 human disease signatures for semaglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist originally developed for diabetes. They report that the method recovered established indications while deprioritizing Alzheimers disease, and propose several rare-indication predictions for further investigation.
This peer-reviewed study finds that since the mid-twentieth century about one-quarter of glaciers in the western conterminous United States have disappeared, and their overall area and volume have fallen by one-third. The authors say most remaining glaciers are largely maintained by local topographic influences because of their small size. The lead author is Andrew G. Fountain.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors compared 232 angiosperm genomes from 55 families and report convergent genomic signatures in halophytes, which are plants that tolerate salt. They say these findings could help translate convergent adaptations into salt-tolerant crops.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and it concerns fungal pathogens rather than people. The authors analysed 385 genomes, 204 of them from this study, and report that rye and wheat stem rust share multiple mating-type haplotypes. They also report that some virulent alleles in wheat stem rust derive from admixture with rye stem rust.
This peer-reviewed study identifies OsFID1 as a chitosan-binding receptor that forms a complex with OsFID2 to confer broad-spectrum resistance to fungal pathogens. The authors report that ectopic expression of OsFID1 in wheat and maize enhanced fungal resistance without a growth penalty.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists, and the work is in mice. In a maternal exposure model, the authors report that a fungicide mixture at 0.3 g/L, below the current European regulatory limit of 0.5 g/L, is associated with impaired corticogenesis and altered synaptic function. Offspring showed delays in sensory development, reduced social interactions and increased stereotyped behaviors, which the authors say indicates an autism spectrum-like phenotype.
This peer-reviewed study reports a 14-year experiment in a temperate forest adding 100 kg of nitrogen per hectare per year, in a mix simulating atmospheric deposition. The authors found the mix did not affect soil carbon pools, while organic and inorganic nitrogen each increased them, and that organic nitrogen increased mineral-associated carbon fractions.
This is a preprint, not yet reviewed by other scientists. The authors treated 3D perovskite films with bromide-rich perovskite nanocrystals and report that treated perovskite solar cells raised power conversion efficiency from 20.13% in controls to 22.19%. They also report a fill factor of 75.3%.
Pew Research Center's weekly roundup reports that many Americans can't afford basic necessities. It cites the share of Americans who say they cut back spending on extras, such as dining out or entertainment, in the past year.
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports that the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) reduced its workforce by 29 percent in 2025, largely through deferred resignation programs, and terminated about 21 percent of its active contracts. Stakeholders GAO interviewed reported confusion, delays and operational disruptions, and HUD did not respond to GAO's requests for information during the audit.
The Texas Commission on Law Enforcement proposes a new rule creating a Law Enforcement Polygraph Certificate. Under the proposal, the certificate would be required for a peace officer conducting a polygraph for pre-appointment screening or criminal investigation, and for anyone conducting one for pre-appointment screening. It would require completing a polygraph training program and continuing education.
How to weigh in: Comment by November 15, 2026.
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports that the number of states with concentrated private health insurance markets generally increased from 2011 through 2024, with recent decreases in the individual market. GAO defines a market as concentrated in a state when three or fewer issuers hold at least 80 percent of enrollment.
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports that ghost preparers, paid tax preparers who do not identify themselves on returns they prepare, can use that anonymity to file fraudulent returns and steal refunds. It finds that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) does not know how many ghost preparers it has identified, investigated or addressed, and that its efforts are fragmented across six offices. GAO says a comprehensive, coordinated preparer strategy with measurable objectives could help IRS align resources with risks.
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) reports that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) restructured its Geostationary Extended Observations (GeoXO) program, reducing the number of satellites from six to four and the projected lifecycle cost to $13 billion from $19.6 billion. GAO says the restructuring adds uncertainty about cost, schedule and instrument configuration, and that the program's contingency plan may leave a gap in weather data continuity.
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) describes the potential benefits and challenges of a textile circular economy, meaning repairing, reusing and recycling textiles. It lists policy options such as a textile extended producer responsibility program and tax credits, and notes that some U.S. states and other countries have proposed or enacted most of them.