Plain words, straight from the source. Every item links to the original document. No news outlets, no hot takes.
This peer-reviewed study, published in Cell, reports that the pyrin inflammasome, an immune sensor, detects L-carnitine taken up from outside cells through the OCTN2 transporter. That detection leads to inflammation mediated by IL-1β, and the authors suggest OCTN2 could be a target for reducing this inflammation.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. Its authors studied 568 prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans from seven institutions and found that artificial intelligence (AI) models could perform differently because of acquisition differences that visual checks miss. Training on a balanced set of 60 scans matched performance with 2.3-fold fewer samples, and the authors say it also removed the batch effects.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. Over an 8-week exposure period, the authors tracked running-wheel laps in mice exposed to vape aerosol, and exposed females ran 32% fewer laps than control females. The reduction in males was 15% and did not reach statistical significance.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors linked the frequency of CXCR3-expressing CD4 memory T cells at enrollment to six-month survival in sepsis without shock. The same cells were linked to better organ function in septic shock but not to survival, and they were more common in people with CMV antibodies, which suggests past infection may matter.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The study followed thirty older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), eighteen of whom were followed for about 29 months. Volume loss in the right parahippocampal gyrus was linked to rising aggression, and rising blood flow in the right hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus was linked to worsening agitation.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The study measured plasma amyloid beta and tau markers in a Midwestern Amish cohort. It found links with the APOE gene and with newer candidate genes, including MME, VEGFC and LRRTM4, which the authors say point to metabolic, synaptic and immune pathways.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The study analyzed more than 650,000 people in the All of Us and FinnGen cohorts. Autoimmune hypothyroidism was linked to higher skin cancer risk, and a genetic score for hypothyroidism was linked to lower risk, so the authors say combining both scores could help target prevention and surveillance.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The study of 5,062 people in the Democratic Republic of the Congo between 2023 and 2024 found 79.0% general acceptance of Ebola vaccination. Acceptance ranged from 47.6% in Kongo Central province to 92.1% in Tshuapa province, and was highest among healthcare workers.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. It is a retrospective observational study of 3,635 adults aged 50 or older with Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the All of Us Research Program. Documented advance care planning was 5.1% among those reporting high shared decision-making and 3.6% among those reporting low, but the link was not statistically significant after full adjustment.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. Using linked cancer registry and healthcare records in Wales for people diagnosed with lung, bladder, kidney, or head and neck cancers in 2011 to 2021, the authors found that current smokers had higher one-year net risk of cancer death than never smokers for lung and head and neck cancer. The head and neck difference was larger at 10 years.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. It compared 40 notes from paired simulated consultations in dietetics, physiotherapy, occupational therapy and speech and language therapy, written either by artificial intelligence (AI) scribe Heidi or by the professional. The AI notes scored modestly higher on the PDQI-9 quality measure and had fewer omissions, but the authors say evidence on serious errors was inconclusive.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. It is a secondary analysis of 130 mother-child pairs that looked at added sugars and fructose from pregnancy to 24 months. The authors describe the associations as varying by child sex and developmental window, and say the smaller scan subset of 42 children is exploratory and needs replication.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors measured biological aging from routine laboratory results in the electronic health records of 4,313 patients who had cardiothoracic surgery at a large US hospital. Patients who were biologically older before surgery more often died or had adverse outcomes, and postoperative changes were linked to intensive care stays and in-hospital death.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors report that the Kappa prophage gives Vibrio cholerae strains a competitive fitness advantage in vitro and during intestinal infection, through predation on neighboring cells rather than lysogenic conversion. They also found that the BREX and AbiC phage defense systems inhibited Kappa predation and restricted horizontal gene transfer.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors tested how often the working-electrode potential alternated in bioelectrochemical systems that make methane. Alternating every 4 days gave the best overall performance, producing about 250 L/L/kg of cumulative biogas with 96% methane content and a 45% methane yield, and the authors say alternation frequency is a critical parameter.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors report that the agaSY genes are needed for uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) to use amino sugars, and that deleting them reduced type 1 fimbriae and biofilm formation. In a mouse urinary tract infection model, the mutant colonized the bladder and kidney less, and adding the genes back restored colonization.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors followed 559 people aged 92 to 107 from three oldest-old cohorts for up to 16 years. Plasma neurofilament light (NfL), a marker of neuroaxonal injury, was the only biomarker consistently linked to mortality, while Alzheimer disease markers were not, and the link held after adjusting for cognition and daily activities.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors tested eight large language models (LLMs) on 100 neurology board-style multiple-choice questions. Accuracy ranged from 45% to 92%, and confidence was generally overestimated, especially in lower-accuracy models, while consistency-based confidence best separated correct from incorrect answers (pooled AUROC 0.74).
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors report that excess copper selectively impairs respiratory complexes containing c-type cytochromes across pathogenic and environmental bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They say copper mainly disrupts the assembly of c-type cytochromes, which may contribute to its antimicrobial activity.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors report that systemic autoimmunity expands and reshapes microbiota-reactive CD4 T cells, which accumulate in peripheral tissues as intestinal dendritic cell trafficking is reactivated. T cells conditioned by the lupus-associated pathobiont Enterococcus gallinarum worsened autoimmunity after transfer through IL-21 and IFN-gamma, unlike commensal-reactive cells.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors analyzed an unweighted web-panel survey of 27,359 Japanese people aged 15 to 69 about visual and numerical body-size ideals. Among normal-weight women, 74.7% to 83.7% chose a smaller ideal silhouette, while most underweight men preferred weight gain, and the authors call for longitudinal and behavioral studies.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors produced a biosurfactant with Paenibacillus dendritiformis using mustard oil mill and dairy wastes in place of pure reagents, which raised performance by 28.23%. Scaling from 100 ml to 1500 ml raised yield from 25 g/L to 68.5 g/L, and the authors estimate a production cost of Rs 18.64 per litre, excluding capital costs.
This working paper is not peer-reviewed. It argues that venture capital specializes in firms with high sales and marketing spending relative to revenue, and that this focus on customer capital has grown over the past 30 years. The authors say such investments tolerate substantial failure risk in pursuit of power law returns.
This working paper is not peer-reviewed. It reports a randomized evaluation in which coaches at an adult high school sent text messages encouraging persistence. Assignment to treatment raised graduation by 4.9 percentage points, and the authors estimate an earnings benefit of $149 per treated student over four years.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. Using camera traps at 115 sites across about 606,000 km2 of Mato Grosso, Brazil, the authors estimated occupancy and abundance of jaguars, white-lipped peccaries and lowland tapirs. Jaguar occupancy rose from 0.33 to 0.87 as forest cover increased from 15% to 65%, and the authors say maintaining Legal Reserve requirements under Brazil's Forest Code matters for large vertebrates.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors propose a Bayesian hierarchical model that accounts for air quality monitors being placed preferentially in areas with high concentrations. Using yearly maximum PM2.5 in California from 2017 to 2024, they found that ignoring preferential sampling can significantly change conclusions about where exceedances occur.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. It compared people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and neurotypical controls who navigated to briefly shown targets in virtual reality. Detailed movement trajectories separated the groups, and the authors say a lower subjective action cost in ASD could explain more frequent and abrupt movements.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The researchers paired optogenetic stimulation of the central amygdala in rats with either the opioid remifentanil or sucrose, and the stimulation focused each rat's choices on whichever reward it was paired with. The authors say opioid motivation can be shaped in a similar way to cocaine or sucrose motivation.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. Over six weeks, the researchers followed 83 people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and found that more drinkers around them was linked to higher odds of drinking. People with higher social drinking risk had lower gray matter volume in the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. It reports that intermittent fasting by both mothers and fathers before mating was associated with cortical changes in fathers and in their offspring, with sex-dependent differences in the offspring. Because the offspring were never fasted themselves, the authors describe the signatures as consistent with intergenerational transmission.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors compared chromatin accessibility in prostatectomy specimens from Black and White men with localized prostate cancer who had equal access to healthcare. Tumors from Black patients showed reduced accessibility of CTCF-associated motifs and more inflammatory and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signals, and CTCF was lower in 99 specimens.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors report that necroptotic MC38 mouse tumor cells lacking the WDD domain of ATG16L1 released more ATP as they died and gave stronger protection against later tumors in mice. The effect depended on secreted ATP and on T cells, and the authors suggest this pathway could be a target to boost anti-tumor immunity.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The researchers gave oxytocin (OT) to rats self-administering intravenous oxycodone. Daily oxytocin increased demand elasticity for the opioid in males but not in females, and the authors say its effect on motivation appears independent of how much dopamine oxycodone released in the nucleus accumbens.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors introduce SKyNet, which combines a pan-solid cancer single-cell atlas with TCGA bulk data to find ligand-receptor interactions associated with overall survival in 11 human solid cancers. They describe the results as hypothesis-generating, for example endothelial-pericyte interactions linked to poor outcomes in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. The authors defined a Pyruvate Partitioning Index across colorectal cancer datasets, single-cell atlases and spatial sections. Low-index areas were enriched for SPP1+ macrophages, and microsatellite-unstable tumors had the lowest index, so the authors say the link to immunotherapy response appears cancer-type specific and needs validation in colorectal cohorts.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. In mouse mammary tumors, the authors report that a minority of qM cancer cells, which have activated epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP), reduce MHC-I on neighboring cancer cells and so resist CD8+ T cell elimination. They also report that human triple-negative breast cancers with more EMP activation exclude T cells from the tumor core.
This preprint is not peer-reviewed. It is a retrospective analysis of the guinea pig maternal undernutrition model, in which maternal salivary and serum cortisol stayed elevated throughout pregnancy. The authors say fetal growth restriction reflects maternal stress responses and placental insufficiency together, not nutrient shortage alone.
This is an announcement by MIT News, so its claims are the institution's own account rather than established findings. It reports that a model developed by researchers at MIT and Boston Children's Hospital adjusts scans on the fly to track fetal movement, potentially sparing families repeat hospital visits.