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A peer-reviewed study in human brain organoids (lab models of brain tissue) found that CD8-positive T cells, a type of immune cell, drove injury to neurons when amyloid-beta, a protein linked to Alzheimer's disease, was present. The T cells were drawn in through the CX3CL1–CX3CR1 axis, and neutralizing their cytokines and cytotoxic molecules rescued the tissue.
A peer-reviewed cohort study in PLOS Medicine tested protein risk scores for atherosclerosis progression, meaning the worsening of artery disease, in a community population. Added to a guideline-recommended traditional risk score, the scores reclassified 18.6% of intermediate-risk individuals into the high-risk category. The authors say the scores need larger external validation before wider use.
A preprint on ChemRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports the first complete three-dimensional, atomic-level structure of an amorphous solid dispersion, a drug (AZD5462) mixed into a copovidone polymer. The authors say the polymer reshapes the hydrogen-bonding network, which may explain why the formulation stayed physically stable for over two years while the pure drug recrystallized within hours.
A preprint on medRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, found that gut microbiota changes after ischemic stroke persisted for up to three months in two patient cohorts and in experimental models. In a randomized, double-blind trial, a multispecies probiotic led to microbiome changes and significantly improved functional recovery compared with placebo, and the authors call for larger Phase III trials to validate it.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, followed a symbiont called Microsporidia MB in wild Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in western Kenya over 30 months. The authors report that infection was associated with approximately 50% lower odds of Plasmodium falciparum infection, and approximately 60% lower odds for high-intensity symbiont infections.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, describes a method that collects neuron-rich cells from the nose with a soft brush swab and measures phosphorylated tau with single-cell Western blotting. The authors report that for Alzheimer's disease this approach had superior diagnostic capacity compared with blood-based approaches.
A preprint on medRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, pooled three cohort studies with 11,563 participants and found that long sleep, 9 hours or more, and insomnia were associated with lower global cognitive function at baseline. Sleep measures were not associated with change in cognitive function over follow-up, and the authors suggest cognition may be linked to distinct sleep patterns.
A peer-reviewed PNAS study links cerebrospinal fluid levels of 4E-BP1 to neurodegeneration in amyloid-positive people and shows in mouse microglia that amyloid-beta inactivates 4E-BP1. The authors report that deleting 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2 increased mitochondrial mass, reduced inflammatory signaling and protected microglia from amyloid-induced cell death.
A peer-reviewed PNAS study validated some of the genes identified in a companion paper as affecting weight gain on a high-fat diet in male C57BL/6N mice. Tissue-specific inhibition of several of them made the mice resistant to diet-induced obesity or glucose intolerance, and the authors note that eight of the genes were previously implicated in human obesity.
A peer-reviewed simulation study in PLOS Medicine modeled Shigella vaccine trials under different assumptions about natural immunity and trial designs. Only one design, active surveillance for infection with single-outcome models, was consistently unbiased, while the other five could underestimate vaccine efficacy by up to an absolute 20%.
A preprint on medRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, followed children from a randomized trial in which families received a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove and free fuel during pregnancy and infancy. Measured at ages 2 to 5 years in India, Rwanda and Guatemala, the study found no statistically significant effect on height-for-age or stunting despite substantial reductions in air pollution during the trial.
A peer-reviewed Cell study found that the MCT6 transporter is the route by which the metabolite Lac-Phe exits intestinal cells and enters the blood. Mice lacking gut MCT6 could not maintain normal circulating Lac-Phe levels and showed resistance to metformin-associated weight loss.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, found that fewer than 1% of peptides identified as HLA-A*02:01 binders were detectably presented on MHC class I by human macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The authors built a neural-network model using gene expression and neighboring amino acids, and used it to identify additional antigens.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, argues that many reported microbe-disease associations in low-biomass samples appear to measure sample biomass rather than disease. The authors judged 6,175 claims from 175 studies and propose TRUEDA, a method that reports how much contamination each difference could tolerate before it stops holding.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, compared N-acetylglucosamine with glucosamine hydrochloride in a rat model of knee osteoarthritis. The authors report higher peak serum concentrations, less cartilage degeneration and better results for N-acetylglucosamine, and say it warrants further clinical study.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports that enlarged cells redistribute chromatin between nuclear speckles and the nuclear lamina, which changes gene expression and splice isoform usage. The authors say a non-functional MDM4-S variant blocks G1 cell cycle progression, and that reintroducing correctly spliced MDM4 reverted senescent features in enlarged cells.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, analyzed 2.3 million nuclei from 427 donors to identify multicellular patterns linked to Alzheimer's pathology and sex. The authors report that the pattern included changes in RORB-GABRG excitatory neurons and disrupted oligodendrocyte precursor cell signaling, and that it predicted neuropathology in an independent dataset.
A preprint on medRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, is a qualitative study of 15 adults who recovered from COVID-19 after hospital isolation in Nairobi, Kenya, interviewed in 2023. Participants described some attentive care, but also brief and distant contact, unnoticed deterioration and ridicule of distress, and the author proposes fear-driven distancing as an additional form of mistreatment.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports that the TM6SF2 E167K variant, a loss-of-function variant linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is recognized and degraded through a cellular protein-degradation pathway. The authors identify RNF5 as the ubiquitin ligase that tags it, and say it provides a rational target for MASLD therapy.
A preprint on medRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, used electronic health records from the All of Us Research Program to test whether lipid panels that include apolipoprotein B (ApoB) predict a first heart failure event. The authors report an area under the curve (AUC, a measure of prediction accuracy) of 0.624 in men and 0.627 in women for predictions 36 months in advance, and describe LDL cholesterol as a counterintuitive predictor.
A preprint on medRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, computed a Route Concordance Index from diffusion MRI scans in 1,706 OASIS-3 sessions, and reports that it declined monotonically across a five-stage trajectory. The authors report that a classifier using these routing features detected conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer's up to four years before diagnosis, and that the findings replicated in a second dataset called ADNI.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, applied spatial transcriptomics, which maps gene activity within tissue, to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and neurotypical controls. The authors report sex- and diagnosis-specific differences in white matter, vascular-linked cell compartments and neurons, including a signaling pathway tied to genetic risk for mood disorders.
A preprint on bioRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, gave adult mice 25% fructose in drinking water for 8 weeks and found robust anxiety-like behavior in males, with memory deficits in both sexes. The authors report that knocking down the fructose transporter Glut5 in microglia prevented the anxiety-like behavior, which they say shows microglial fructose uptake is required for it.
A preprint on ChemRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, tests dilute copper and palladium nanoparticles in a zero-gap electrolyzer at current densities of 100 to 300 mA cm-2. The authors report that about 4.5 at.% palladium gave the best balance of stability, performance and palladium efficiency, with less degradation than pure copper at high current.
The Railroad Commission of Texas proposes amending 16 Texas Administrative Code §7.351 to remove mail submission for gas utility tax reports and payments. Under the proposal, a report and payment would be timely only if the Gas Services department receives them on or before the deadline, matching the commission's new online payment system.
How to weigh in: No comment deadline is listed; see the document.
The Coast Guard has set a temporary safety zone in certain navigable waters of Zach's Bay, near Wantagh, NY, which is in effect from October 24, 2026. It protects swimmers, personnel, vessels and the marine environment from hazards linked to a swim event at Jones Beach State Park that was cancelled because of storms. Entry into the zone is prohibited unless the Captain of the Port, Sector Long Island Sound, or a designated representative authorizes it.
How to weigh in: No comment period: this is a final rule.
The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife has issued a temporary rule, in effect from October 1, 2026, that changes landing and possession limits for commercial reef net license holders in Area 7 during the current open period. It sets a per-license coho retention limit to redistribute the remaining license quota among the license holders who are actually fishing, and there was not enough time to adopt permanent rules.
How to weigh in: No comment period: this is a final rule.
A peer-reviewed PNAS study used host-induced gene silencing, which relies on RNAi constructs, to target Aspergillus genes in transgenic maize. Several lines showed significant reductions in aflatoxin accumulation after infection with Aspergillus flavus or Aspergillus parasiticus, while silencing of one target gene was not achieved.
A preprint on ChemRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports laboratory experiments on a (La, Sr)TiO3-based material whose surface chemistry shifts under electrochemical activation. The authors say this can raise selectivity for C2 products such as ethylene and ethane from methane, a trade-off that has long limited the field.
MIT News reports that researchers in the Chisholm lab found Prochlorococcus, the ocean's most abundant microbe, can switch between drifting alone and living in attached communities. The institution says this could reshape estimates of how much carbon the ocean moves to the deep sea.
A peer-reviewed PNAS study introduces glycerosomes, phosphatidylcholine vesicles containing glycerol, as a boundary lubricant. Measured with a surface force balance, they reached a friction coefficient as low as 10 to the minus 5 at 15.6 MPa, which the authors say is a 20-fold reduction compared with conventional PC liposomes.
A peer-reviewed Science study combined experiments and simulations to show that the self-rotation of functional groups confined in nanochannels can speed molecular transport. The authors say this works by transferring kinetic energy and enabling more efficient molecular relays, improving separation performance beyond current benchmarks.
A second version of a preprint on ChemRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, reports laboratory experiments on a (La, Sr)TiO3-based material whose surface chemistry shifts under electrochemical activation. The authors say this can raise selectivity for C2 products such as ethylene and ethane from methane, a trade-off that has long limited the field.
A preprint on ChemRxiv, not yet reviewed by other scientists, uses a three-dimensional furnace and reactor model to argue that the spatial distribution of heat flux along the coil controls ethylene yield more than coil outlet temperature. The authors report a 5.86% relative increase in ethylene yield while coil outlet temperature falls by 3.94 kelvin at a fixed total heat input.
Eastern Washington University proposes changes to its student conduct code, which sets the standards of student behavior and the procedures used in student conduct processes. The changes would give students clearer standards of acceptable behavior and simplify some procedures.
How to weigh in: Comment by November 13, 2026.
The University of Washington has proposed amendments to its student conduct code. After receiving comments and holding a public hearing, the university is extending the comment period, and the proposal would change the code only if it is adopted.
How to weigh in: Comment by December 10, 2026.
Lower Columbia College proposes revisions to its student conduct code to align student disciplinary processes with Title IX regulations adopted by the United States Department of Education in 2020, after the 2024 regulations were vacated. The revisions also aim to clarify and streamline agency procedures.
How to weigh in: Comment by November 17, 2026.
Lake Washington Institute of Technology has adopted a final rule that updates its student conduct code for clarity and to bring it into line with federal guidance and amendments to Title IX. The rule adds policies and practices around hazing, and it takes effect on November 5, 2026.
How to weigh in: No comment period: this is a final rule.